BorneoAkademika eJurnal

ABSTRACT
Copepod serves as a live food, supplementing essential amino acids and fatty acids into the aquatic larval organism. Nevertheless, the mass production of copepods remains unfeasible. A study was conducted at a fish hatchery in UiTM Mukah to investigate the effects of different probiotics on the proliferation rate of copepod Acartia sp. Three treatments were carried out during a 77-day feeding trial: a tank with no probiotic (T1), a tank with coconut-based probiotics (T2), and a tank with pineapple-based probiotics (T3). Yeast containing good bacteria (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as feed to the copepods. The proliferation rate was measured by counting the number of copepods observed throughout the experimental period. Each tank was initially stocked with 10 copepods. T3 (pineapple probiotic) achieved the highest proliferation rate, with 222.67 ± 1.453 copepods, significantly outperforming the other treatments. T1 (no probiotic) exhibited the lowest proliferation rate, with only 43.33 ± 0.882 copepods, and was also significantly different from the other treatments. The results demonstrate that the use of pineapple juice as a probiotic significantly enhances copepod proliferation in a mass culture. Subsequently, this finding suggests a potential solution to the current challenges in the copepods production for aquatic hatcheries.
Keyword(s) : Copepod; larval fish production; live food; probiotics; yeast
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118970
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UiTM Johor decided to upgrade its wastewater treatment plant from an oxidation pond to an aeration pond due to the increasing population and availability of sufficient funding. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the aeration pond over a 12-month period and compare the results with those from previous 12 months of using the oxidation pond. The data was obtained from a contractor appointed by UiTM to operate the wastewater treatment plant. The study conducted at UiTM Segamat Campus collected data on several water quality parameters, including pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Oil and Grease, Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. The results showed that the effectiveness of the aeration pond was comparable to that of the oxidation pond. However, several parameters, such as pH, COD, BOD, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and TSS, were higher in the aeration pond compared to the oxidation pond. Despite this, all parameters studied complied with the Department of Environment (DOE) standards for both systems. Hence, further studies to improve the existing aeration pond to ensure long-term benefits for UiTM Johor in terms of energy consumption, maintenance, sludge management, and return on investment (ROI).
Keyword(s) : aeration pond; BOD; oxidation pond; STP; wastewater
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118971
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This study analyses the representation of Afghan women in Malaysian newspapers during the Taliban’s 2021 offensive based on Fairclough’s (1988) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. It uncovers the underlying linguistic and ideological biases in eight news articles, published by The Star and Free Malaysia Today. The findings indicate that The Star employs objective and formal terminology, while the adoption of a more critical stance was observed in Free Malaysia Today. A varied representation of Afghan women was also observed, and The Star focuses on their professional roles in the community. Meanwhile, Free Malaysia Today portrays them in a victimised manner. Direct and scare quotes were also highlighted, showcasing their roles in reinforcing and challenging dominant ideologies. The research demonstrates the media’s role in shaping one’s social realities and affecting public perception. This study also contributes to critical discourse analysis by producing valuable insights into how marginalised groups are represented during a political crisis. The findings revealed that The Star described Afghan women with professional identities using formal and neutral language while Free Malaysia Today emphasised their victimhood and resistance through the usage of emotionally charged language, showcasing different ideological stances adopted by each platform’s editorial stance. The findings are relevant to language students, future researchers, policy makers, and academicians in linguistics and media studies.
Keyword(s) : Afghanistan; Critical Discourse Analysis; media portrayal; news discourse; Taliban
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118972
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Democratization in the education system and changes in social norms significantly expanded the roles of women in Malaysia. As the nation modernized, professional working mothers faced escalating demands, highlighting the necessity for a deeper understanding of the work-family dynamic. Balancing professional and domestic roles often resulted in work-family conflict, where competing demands were incompatible. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore experiences of professional working mothers at Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) with particular emphasis on specific conflicts in balancing work and family. In-depth interviews were conducted with six (6) informants selected through snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Atlas.ti9 and van Kaam method was modified, which included seven steps such as horizontalization, reduction and elimination, clustering and thematizing invariant constituents, validating themes, and constructing textual-structural descriptions. The findings revealed three themes related to psychological experiences of the professional working mothers such as barriers in personal life, family matters and work-related challenges.
Keyword(s) : balancing; conflict; education; phenomenology; professional working mothers
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118973
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This paper is a feminist reading of the Malaysian short story ‘Anita’ by Zurinah (1987), focusing on the representation of Malay women characters in her writing. This study analyses the characteristics of two female protagonists, ‘Anita’ and ‘I’, and the treatments they received from other characters, especially from the opposite gender. The findings suggested that the story features both reasonably strong and modest Malay women characters who are opinionated and educated. The contrast between these two women characters is mainly based on their values as either a modern or traditional woman. In the story, a woman who is single, modern, and has strong leadership skills receives unfavourable treatments from her male counterparts, while a woman who is married, leans towards traditionalism, and upholds feminine ideals face no conflicts due to her reserved and obedient nature. The narrative implies that society's prejudices toward females are underscored by the fact that women who challenge traditional gender roles face resistance, while those who conform are accepted and remain conflict-free.
Keyword(s) : Malay women; feminism; representation; Zurinah Hassan; Malaysian literature
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118974
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This study explores the relationship between youth empowerment, social innovation, and community development in the context of sustainable tourism. As youth play a critical role in shaping the future of tourism, understanding how their empowerment influences local development is essential for fostering sustainable practices. The aim of the study is to examine how social innovation mediates the relationship between youth empowerment and community development, with a particular focus on the role of young people in promoting sustainable tourism. Using a narrative review methodology, the research synthesizes existing literature from the Scopus database to identify key themes and theoretical perspectives surrounding youth involvement in tourism, community development, and social innovation. The findings reveal that empowering youth leads to increased community participation and the development of innovative solutions that address local challenges. Social innovation plays a crucial role in mediating the effects of youth empowerment on community development by facilitating inclusive governance, capacity building, and the preservation of cultural and natural resources. The study contributes to both theoretical and practical discussions on youth involvement in sustainable tourism, highlighting the significance of inclusive governance and stakeholder collaboration. However, the study's limitations include its focus on specific geographic contexts, suggesting that further research is needed to explore cross-cultural dynamics and the long-term impacts of youth-led initiatives on community development.
Keyword(s) : community development; social innovation; sustainable tourism; youth engagement; youth empowerment
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118975
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This pilot qualitative study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude and perception of first-semester culinary students of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pulau Pinang towards dodol, a traditional Malaysian food of great value. Although this food is very significant, it is ironic that its authenticity and preservation are seriously challenged. Younger generation not being aware of its preparation and the lack of research on traditional foods. The purpose of this study is to explore students’ knowledge of dodol, their views on traditional food and the factors causing its decline. Semi-structured interviews were held with 15 culinary students to achieve this; their data were thematically analysed. The results showed that most students only had a little knowledge about dodol and showed mixed feelings toward traditional food, with some expressing a nostalgic appreciation of dodol as a part of their heritage, while others felt that dodol is outdated. These differences in opinion highlight a disconnection between tradition and modern culinary trends. Along with that, institutional issues are made clear by the study. Culinary programmes are unable to represent traditional foods in the curriculum. Moreover, there are time restrictions on academic programmes. Considering these findings, the study highlights the necessity for the infusion of a traditional food module in culinary training and creating an association with local food makers to provide hands-on experience to students. Enhancing the links between schools and cultural communities may improve the understanding of traditional foods and their sustainability against globalisation. This study illustrates how culinary education can connect generations in Malaysia and help pass on Malaysia’s food heritage to future generations.
Keyword(s) : dodol; culinary students; cultural preservation; culinary education; traditional foods
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118976
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The construction industry faces ongoing safety challenges due to its inherently dynamic and high-risk environment. Workers are frequently exposed to hazards such as falls, electrical accidents, equipment malfunctions, and site collisions, making safety management a top priority. This study investigates the implementation of safety technologies to improve the safety at construction sites, employing a quantitative research methodology. Structured surveys were distributed to 274 contractors (Grades G4 to G7) in Perak, Malaysia, an area noted for a high rate of occupational accidents and fatalities. The research examines the adoption and impact of various technologies, including wearable safety devices, drones, IoT sensors, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and augmented reality (AR). Key barriers to technology adoption were identified, such as high implementation and maintenance costs, limited technical training, resistance to organizational change, and infrastructure issues like unstable power supplies in remote areas. Despite these challenges, findings show that safety technologies significantly enhance site safety by enabling real-time hazard detection, proactive monitoring, and better compliance with safety protocols. Descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS revealed strong correlations between the use of specific technologies and reductions in reported incidents. The study recommends targeted training programs, investment in cost-effective technology solutions, and supportive policy frameworks to foster wider adoption. It also emphasizes the importance of data-driven strategies and stakeholder collaboration. Ultimately, this research highlights the transformative role of safety technologies in reducing risks and promoting a safer, more efficient construction industry.
Keyword(s) : construction industry; hazard; safety technologies.
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118982
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This research explored the influence of leadership style on the motivation of academic staff in a higher education institution (HEI). The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether the leadership style practiced in a Public University (UA), can have an impact on the motivation of the staff being led. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine the influence of leadership style on academic staff motivation at the Public Universiti (UA). This semi-structured interview involved ten (10) participants, including academic staff who have served at UA. Meanwhile, the data collection method was manually analysed using the thematic method. The study's findings identified two (2) types of leadership styles implemented at UA: autocratic and democratic leadership styles. The results of the findings indicate that democratic leadership is more effective because it involves open discussion and joint decisions that directly enhances staff motivation and performance. Conversely, autocratic leadership is associated with low motivation. Thus, the results of this study show that the influence of leadership style plays a very important role in staff motivation. Therefore, it cannot be denied that the motivation of staff towards the leadership style practiced by the institution can influence the success of the institution.
Keyword(s) : influence of leadership style; staff motivation; academic staff; democratic leadership style; autocratic leadership style
ABSTRAK
Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk meneroka pengaruh gaya kepimpinan terhadap motivasi kakitangan akademik dalam sesebuah Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT). Tujuan utama kajian dijalankan untuk meneroka apakah gaya kepimpinan yang dipraktikkan di sebuah Universiti Awam (UA) terhadap motivasi kakitangan yang dipimpin. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk meneliti pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kakitangan akademik di UA menggunakan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur. Seramai sepuluh (10) orang peserta yang terdiri daripada kakitangan akademik yang telah berkhidmat di UA. Manakala analisis pengumpulan data pula menggunakan kaedah tematik secara manual. Dapatan kajian yang dijalankan telah mengenalpasti dua (2) jenis gaya kepimpinan yang dilaksanakan di UA ialah gaya kepimpinan autokratik dan demokratik. Hasil penemuan menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan demokratik lebih efektif, kerana ia melibatkan perbincangan terbuka dan keputusan bersama yang secara langsung meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi kakitangan. Sebaliknya, kepimpinan autokratik dikaitkan dengan motivasi yang rendah. Justeru, hasil dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pengaruh gaya kepimpinan memainkan peranan yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan motivasi kakitangan. Secara keseluruhannya, aspek motivasi memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kejayaan sesebuah institusi, yang mana gaya kepimpinan yang diterapkan oleh institusi tersebut memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap tahap motivasi kakitangan.
Kata Kunci : pengaruh gaya kepimpinan; motivasi kakitangan akademik; gaya kepimpinan demokratik; gaya kepimpinan autokratik.
Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/119005
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Malaysia is a multicultural and multiethnic country characterised by a diverse range of religious beliefs, with Islam as the state religion. Despite Islam's status, Malaysia's government structure is grounded in British-style secularism, where the law is human-made rather than derived from a divine source. As such, Malaysia is not a theocratic state. At the same time, it is not hostile to religious inclination. The Federal Constitution allows federal and state legislatures to enact Islamic offences, as Item 1 of the State List of the Ninth Schedule outlines. However, a vague and often misunderstood legal framework surrounding Islamic offences under Item 1 has led to contentious debates and legal challenges. This Article will examine the issues related to the legal framework of Islamic offences in Malaysia and explore potential solutions to address the ongoing uncertainty.
Keyword(s) : Federal Constitution; Islamic law; Item 1 of the State List of the Ninth Schedule; secular country; theocratic state
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Doi : https://doi.org/10.24191/BA/v9i1/118999
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