BorneoAkademika eJurnal

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This article sheds light on the overlooked struggle of stateless children in Malaysia who are denied the fundamental right to education. Evaluating the adequacy of existing laws and policies governing the educational rights of stateless children in Malaysia, the study draws insights from Thailand's policy as a benchmark for potential improvements. Utilising qualitative research methodology, interviews with key stakeholders, including Malaysia’s Education Minister and SUHAKAM's Commissioner inform the analysis. The findings advocate for amendments to Malaysian laws, aligning them with Thailand's policy that facilitates stateless children's enrolment in public schools without prerequisites. The article argues that a comprehensive and inclusive approach involving multiple stakeholders addresses the root causes of statelessness and provides pathways to citizenship. It is essential to ensure that stateless children in Malaysia can exercise their right to education and fulfil their potential.
Keyword(s) : stateless children inclusive education policy implementation education access fundamental rights
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This study presents a conceptual framework for investigating the influence of self-service kiosk technology on customer satisfaction at Subang International Airport. Despite the prevalence of self-service kiosks, empirical research on customer satisfaction with this technology at Subang International Airport is scarce. This research aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived enjoyment (PE) on customer satisfaction. The conceptual framework draws on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical foundation and synthesises relevant literature to identify key factors influencing customer satisfaction. The research employs a three-phased approach, beginning with a comprehensive review of pertinent literature. Data will be collected through a questionnaire survey targeting a sample size of 384 respondents selected via purposive sampling. The analysis will be conducted using SPSS software. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights for industry practitioners and scholars, shedding light on critical factors that can enhance customer satisfaction and contribute to the literature on selfservice kiosk technology in Malaysia.
Keyword(s) : perceived usefulness perceived ease of use perceived enjoyment self-service kiosk technology acceptance model
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This article examines the impact of financial technology (FinTech) on individual over-indebtedness in ASEAN-5 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines). While FinTech has revolutionised financial services, enhancing accessibility and efficiency, it raises concerns about overindebtedness, where individuals struggle to meet debt obligations. The study investigates how FinTech, alongside macroeconomic factors such as household consumption, economic growth, unemployment, and inflation, influences overindebtedness. Utilising a static quantitative panel data approach from 2010 to 2020, the research finds that FinTech Adoptions negatively correlate with over-indebtedness, suggesting that FinTech can enhance financial stability through improved financial literacy alongside the financial credit assessment capabilities. Conversely, higher household consumption is positively associated with over-indebtedness, indicating that increased borrowing to finance consumption leads to higher debt levels. Economic growth shows a negative relationship with overindebtedness, as improved economic conditions enhance individuals' ability to repay debts. Unemployment rates also negatively correlate with over-indebtedness, highlighting the complex interplay between employment and borrowing behaviours. Inflation, however, is statistically insignificant in affecting over-indebtedness. Nonetheless, the study's limitations include potentially overlooking the dynamic cultural differences within the ASEAN-5 countries, and the complex interplay between the economic conditions and impulsive borrowing behaviors of these countries. Finally, this research contributes to understanding the multifaceted nature of over-indebtedness and the role of FinTech in shaping financial behaviours in ASEAN-5 countries that could provide relevant insights to individuals, academics and policymakers for further development.
Keyword(s) : over-indebtedness financial technology FinTech Asean-5 countries
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This empirical study investigates various forms of support systems designed to foster women's leadership in Sabah, Malaysia. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire from a sample of 282 professional women working in Sabah's public and private sectors. The research evaluates the existing support mechanisms and analyses gender sensitivity and pathways for women to assume leadership positions. Using quantitative analysis, the study assesses the effectiveness of support systems for leadership development, including training programs, study leave incentives, equal opportunities provisions, gender sensitivity initiatives, governance structures, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 and SDG 8 agenda. The findings reveal a nuanced view of the support systems available to women in Sabah. Respondents acknowledged the presence of initiatives promoting gender equality and supporting women's advancement within organisations. However, the analysis indicates that these support systems are insufficient in addressing the diverse needs of women in Sabah's professional environment.
Keyword(s) : women leaders support systems leadership development gender equality Sabah
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Baristas in the café industry often face high levels of job stress due to long hours, customer interactions, and complex tasks. However, research on the specific job characteristics contributing to this stress remains limited. This study aims to explore the relationship between job characteristics—task identity, skill variety, task significance, autonomy, and feedback—and job stress among baristas in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Model (JCM) as the theoretical framework. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 218 baristas from various cafés, and the data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings revealed that autonomy and task identity significantly reduced job stress, while task significance contributed to increased stress levels. This study contributes to the academic literature by applying the JCM to the under-researched café industry, providing insights into how job design influences employee stress. The study suggests that café managers can mitigate job stress by enhancing job autonomy, providing diverse tasks, and offering regular feedback. However, limitations include convenience sampling and self-reported data, which may affect the generalizability and accuracy of the results. Future research should include longitudinal studies with more diverse samples and explore additional factors such as social support and worklife balance. These findings have theoretical implications for understanding job stress in service industries and practical implications for improving workplace well-being and business sustainability in cafés.
Keyword(s) : Job stress Baristas Job Characteristics Model (JCM) Autonomy Café Industry
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This study aims to understand the job application intentions of crowd workers utilising an online crowdsourcing platform from the perspective of Signalling Theory. The study involved 66 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Office System Management program at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang, who participated as parttime crowd workers on various online crowdsourcing platforms to fulfil the study's requirements. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to examine the relationships between the variables within the proposed model. The study's findings revealed positive and significant relationships between job characteristics and person-job fit as the signal to the crowd worker to be attracted to the job in the online crowdsourcing platform. Thus, job attractiveness failed to navigate the job application intention as the platform involvement is to generate income. The study contributed to understanding the deeper involvement of crowd workers through signal channels by the online crowdsourcing platform, particularly from the new entrants. The right channel portrayed will increase the effectiveness of the online crowdsourcing environment and indirectly satisfy all parties involved.
Keyword(s) : signalling theory job application intention crowd worker online crowdsourcing platform job attractiveness person-environment fit
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This article focuses on the challenges encountered by nonresident students in Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah Branch in Kota Kinabalu, particularly students renting houses. The objectives involve identifying challenges faced by non-resident students. Employing a quantitative method, questionnaires were given to all non-resident students in the Non-Resident Students Telegram group (375 students). However, only 130 non-resident students filled out the questionnaire. The results show that the top challenges were finding a suitable house to stay in, difficulty in finding accommodation that is both cheap and near the campus, experiencing financial burden because of staying off-campus, and challenges in managing expenses and transportation reliability. The results also suggest that feeling lonely is the least likely challenge for non-resident students. The results offer valuable insights to the non-resident students in UiTM Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu, so that the support systems tailored to the specific needs of non-resident students can be enhanced. Overall, the challenges faced by non-resident student respondents in UiTM Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu, may not be too serious.
Keyword(s) : non-resident students UiTM Sabah university students student accomodation
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Volunteering activities are growing and gaining public attention, and this noble effort is the best platform for breaking the social problem. The objective of the study is to examine the determinants of voluntary intention in welfare nonprofit organisations. These determinants include values, understanding, enhancement, career, social, and protection. Moreover, the second objective is to examine the moderating effect of altruism. Altruistic people care and want to help even if there is no profit offered or no hope of getting anything back. This study used a quantitative survey approach involving 300 volunteers in welfare nonprofit organisations. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression. The result shows significant direct relationships between values, understanding, enhancement, career, social, and protection on volunteer intention. The findings have proved that altruism moderates the relationships between values, understanding, social, and volunteer intention. Therefore, this study suggests that a program related to appreciating the spirit of volunteerism must be continued. A comprehensive strategic measure must be formulated to encourage Malaysians to participate in volunteering activities. This paper also discusses the implications and limitations of the study and recommendations for follow-up studies.
Keyword(s) : Altruism Intention Nonprofit Organisations Welfare Moderating
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This study investigates customer satisfaction with service robots in the restaurant industry, focusing on Penang, Malaysia. It begins by exploring the adoption of innovative robotic technologies in the food and beverage sector and traces their evolution over time. The research also examines the benefits and drawbacks of implementing service robots in modern restaurant environments. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, Penang had a population of 1.77 million in 2021. A minimum sample size of 385 respondents was determined using Raosft.com, which was selected for its accuracy in sample size estimation. A quantitative research approach was utilised, with data converted into numerical form for subsequent analysis. The study employed SPSS software due to its reliability, widespread use among researchers and institutions, and ability to provide accurate results through a user-friendly interface. The research aims to assess how service robots influence customer acceptance in the restaurant context. By analysing factors impacting customer satisfaction with these robotic services, the study seeks to provide insights into enhancing their adoption and usage. The findings highlight that understanding the elements that affect customer satisfaction is crucial for promoting the continued use of service robots. This understanding is vital for ensuring the sustained development and integration of robotic services within the food and beverage industry. Addressing the identified factors can ultimately contribute to the growth and acceptance of robotic technologies in restaurant settings, facilitating their role in the evolving food service landscape.
Keyword(s) : Service Robot Customer Expectation Perceived Performance Customer Satisfaction
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The coherence of an essay is maintained with interactive and interactional metadiscourse (MD). Writing involves one-way interaction between the writer and reader, making it difficult for Second Language (L2) learners to compose effectively and thoroughly. Furthermore, students have a limited understanding of MD markers and prefer to exclusively employ specific MD markers, such as transition markers and self-mentions, in their writing. The study aims to find out if learners in different course groups employ different MD types, different MD features, or the same amount of MD features across the two groups. This study evaluates interactive and interactional MD markers in 40 expository essays authored by ESL learners from hard and soft science courses using Hyland's MD table (2005). Data collected was charted and transferred into frequency and percentage. The two groups, hard science and soft science used different materials in varying amounts and varieties. Soft science learners generated more MD features for interactive and interactional MD. They were more interpretative, whereas hard science learners were assertive in their writing and produced fewer MD features for both MD types. The study provides insight into improving students' awareness and use of MD, thereby enhancing their writing performance.
Keyword(s) : ESL Learners Expository Writing Interactional Metadiscourse Interactive Metadiscourse
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Quranic recitation teaching is a fundamental component in the Islamic Education curriculum, yet some students still struggle with Quranic reading proficiency. This study aims to assess the level of self-efficacy and differentiated pedagogical practices among Islamic Education teachers in teaching Quranic recitation and to examine differences based on selected demographic factors. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 31 Islamic Education teachers from secondary schools in the Western Zone of Sabah. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Findings reveal high levels of teacher self-efficacy (M=4.15, SD=0.58) but moderately high levels of differentiated pedagogical practices (M=3.85, SD=0.62). Significant differences in differentiated pedagogical practices were found based on teaching experience (?2(2)=7.82, p=0.020), but not based on gender. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between self-efficacy and differentiated pedagogical practices in the context of Quranic recitation teaching and provides an empirical basis for developing more effective teacher training programs. Implications include the need to enhance teacher training in differentiated pedagogy and technology integration in Quranic recitation teaching.
Keyword(s) : Self-efficacy Differentiated pedagogy Quranic recitation Islamic Education teachers Teaching experience
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Pengajaran Tilawah al-Quran merupakan komponen asas dalam kurikulum Pendidikan Islam, namun masih terdapat murid yang lemah dalam penguasaan bacaan al-Quran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tahap efikasi kendiri dan amalan pedagogi terbeza guru Pendidikan Islam dalam pengajaran Tilawah al-Quran serta mengkaji perbezaannya berdasarkan faktor demografi terpilih. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas digunakan, melibatkan 31 orang guru Pendidikan Islam di sekolah menengah harian Zon Barat, Sabah. Data dikumpul menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan menunjukkan tahap efikasi kendiri guru yang tinggi (M=4.15, SP=0.58) tetapi tahap amalan pedagogi terbeza yang sederhana tinggi (M=3.85, SP=0.62). Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam amalan pedagogi terbeza berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar (?2(2)=7.82, p=0.020), tetapi tiada perbezaan signifikan berdasarkan jantina. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman hubungan antara efikasi kendiri dan amalan pedagogi terbeza dalam konteks pengajaran Tilawah al-Quran, serta menyediakan asas empirikal untuk pembangunan program latihan guru yang lebih berkesan. Implikasi kajian termasuk keperluan untuk meningkatkan latihan guru dalam aspek pedagogi terbeza dan pengintegrasian teknologi dalam pengajaran Tilawah al-Quran.
Kata Kunci : Efikasi kendiri pedagogi terbeza Tilawah al-Quran Guru Pendidikan Islam Pengalaman mengajar
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Plagiarism is a serious issue in our educational system. The plagiarism rate is high in Malaysia, including in higher learning institutions. Lack of understanding about plagiarism is one of the contributors to plagiarism among students. This paper aims to examine the level of understanding of plagiarism among students at the UiTM Sabah branch in Kota Kinabalu. It is a quantitative study using a questionnaire survey where data was collected through the distribution of a questionnaire. The total number of respondents is 357 from different courses, both diploma and degree levels. Descriptive statistics revealed that 63.9% of the respondents had a high level of understanding of plagiarism and a moderate level of understanding of plagiarism in terms of mean (3.6675). However, a closer look revealed an incomplete understanding of what constitutes plagiarism. The findings also suggest a significant difference in understanding plagiarism among students based on courses. Therefore, it is recommended that all relevant authorities intensify their effort to address this issue.
Keyword(s) : Plagiarism Higher Education Students Understanding of Plagiarism
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Pre-diploma students' performance in mathematics is a significant concern, impacting their academic progression and future career options. This study aims to identify key factors influencing the mathematical performance of prediploma students. Employing a quantitative descriptive survey design, this research examined the role of various factors, including student characteristics, instructional strategies, and institutional support. The findings revealed that lecturer influence, interest, and attitude significantly impact student performance. These results suggest that improving mathematics education at the pre-diploma level requires a holistic approach, considering not only student factors but also instructional strategies and institutional support. The implications of this study are discussed in relation to enhancing the teaching and learning of mathematics at the pre-diploma level.
Keyword(s) : Pre-diploma Mathematics Interest Attitude Lecturer's Proficiency
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This study aims to explore the application and effectiveness of digital audio technology (DAT) in music education, especially vocal teaching. Through a case study of the popular singing course of the Sichuan Conservatory of Music, this study focuses on how digital audio workstations (DAW). The study was conducted through a quantitative questionnaire survey of 60 students, divided into a control group of 30 people participating in DAT-enhanced teaching and a control group of 30 people receiving traditional teaching, to analyse the impact of DAT on classroom efficiency and student learning motivation. Data analysis shows that the introduction of DAT significantly improves teaching efficiency and stimulates students' interest in learning. In addition, this study discusses how DAT promotes the mastery of vocal skills, especially in pitch, rhythm and timbre processing. It helps students better understand and control vocal expression through technical means. The results of this study show that DAT has a high application value in the field of music education, is especially suitable for the modern development needs of vocal education and can effectively promote the improvement of teaching effects.
Keyword(s) : digital audio technology music education popular singing
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In the realm of cybersecurity, penetration testing is essential for identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by attackers, particularly within web applications. Vega, an open-source web security scanner, stands out due to its comprehensive scanning capabilities and user-friendly interface, making it a valuable tool for vulnerability detection. This paper explores Vega’s core features, including automated scanning, manual testing, and customisable scanning profiles. It examines Vega’s effectiveness in detecting common web vulnerabilities like SQL injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and assesses its role in enhancing the penetration testing process. Real-world case studies are discussed, demonstrating Vega’s capabilities and limitations within practical testing environments. While Vega offers strong scanning capabilities, this paper posits that its effectiveness is significantly enhanced when combined with other security tools, highlighting Vega’s potential in strengthening security postures and suggesting avenues for future development, including enhanced machine learning integration to improve detection accuracy.
Keyword(s) : Vega Penetration testing Scanning vulnerabilities Web applications cybersecurity
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Recent research has focused on anaerobic digestion (AD) for resource recovery from waste. AD generates biogas, primarily methane, which can be used as a renewable energy source for electricity and heat. This study examines the physical properties and biogas production of paddy husk (PHU) and dried coconut leaves (DCL) through anaerobic mono and co-digestion techniques. Standard methods were used to measure the physical characteristics of both wastes, which included total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), and pH. The biogas production experiments were conducted in Duran bottles at a mesophilic temperature range of 26°C - 32°C with a set inoculum-to-sample ratio. Biogas production was measured using the water displacement method, with daily records taken over ten days. The TS values for PHU and DCL were 5.08% (± 0.05) and 93.21% (± 0.04), respectively. While the VS values for PHU and DCL were 75.80% (± 0.05) and 91.29% (± 0.07), respectively. This finding shows the suitability of both substrates to undergo the AD process. The pH value shows both wastes in an alkaline state. Results for biogas recovery found that co-digestion between PHU and DCL recovered the highest amount of biogas with 858.0 mL (±0.05), and the optimum time for digestion was on day 9. Meanwhile, single digestion of PHU and DCL recovered biogas with 187.0 mL (±0.12) (Day 8) and 197.0 mL (±0.05) (Day 8), respectively. The findings reveal significant biogas production potential from both PHU and DCL, with mixing digestion yielding higher biogas output and greater process stability. Mixing digestion enhanced the AD process by increasing biogas production and achieving a more balanced nutritional profile. This study provides insights into optimizing AD systems for renewable energy production and sustainable waste managements.
Keyword(s) : Biogas Recovery Anaerobic digestion Paddy Husk Dried Coconut Leaves
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The excessive use of chemical fertilisers in agriculture has led to a trend of soil degradation, particularly affecting agricultural farming in Malaysia. While chemical fertilisers offer rapid, shortterm increases in crop yield, their long-term detrimental effects on soil health and the environment are becoming increasingly apparent. These fertilisers disrupt vital soil microbial diversity, leading to a decrease in soil fertility over time. To counteract these issues, the practice of using organic compost has emerged as a sustainable alternative in agriculture. Organic compost not only improves soil structure but also provides vital nutrients and encourages microbial activity in plant crops. While various studies have compared the impact of different types of organic compost on crop growth, there is currently limited local research focused on the presence and diversity of soil microbial communities in sustainable crop production in Malaysia. This review aims to provide scholars and practitioners, particularly in Malaysia, with a thorough understanding of the benefits and applications of organic compost and its impact on soil microbial diversity for sustainable agriculture.
Keyword(s) : organic compost agriculture farming microbial diversity soil fertility sustainable agriculture
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This study explores teaching approaches in design education focused on transforming traditional Chinese cultural heritage into modern product designs. It aims to develop a teaching model integrating traditional culture into product design education. The research examines the current state, main contents, theories, and principles of traditional culture integration into product design education. It then develops a basic teaching framework for integrating traditional culture into product design. Finally, the study uses design outcomes from project-based courses to collect data and analyse results. The research centres on a case study involving the redesign of the Yingjing Sand Vessel, a non-heritage vessel from Sichuan, China, within a design project-based course. Utilising Design Development Research (DDR), the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a qualitative research methodology for data collection and document analysis. The outcomes of this study serve as a valuable exploration for developing a teaching model that fosters the integration of traditional culture into product design education and offers insights into enhancing the pedagogy and the societal impact of design courses in higher education.
Keyword(s) : Design Education Traditional Culture Product Design Teaching Desing Yingjing Sand Vessels
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This study aims to examine the influence of sources of information on voting decision-making among the residents of Cybercity apartments in Kota Kinabalu. In today’s digital age, individuals have access to a plethora of information sources that can potentially shape their perceptions and decision-making processes, particularly in the context of voting decisions. This research seeks to identify the various sources of information on social media (economic performance, political experts, policy experts, community, and religious beliefs) that residents rely on when making decisions about voting decision making. Through surveys and data analysis, this study uncovered the specific roles that different sources of information play in the voting decisions of Cybercity apartment residents. Additionally, this research explores the extent to which residents trust and prioritise certain sources of information on social media and how this ultimately influences their vote. By gaining a better understanding of the impact of sources of information on social media on voting decisions within this unique residential community, this study contributes valuable insights into voter decision-making dynamics in contemporary Society.
Keyword(s) : Source of Information Experts Voters Decision Influence Cybercity residents
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